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Project Name:
Guthrie Pavilion
Client:
Guthrie Property Development Holding Sdn.
Bhd.
Location:
Nº 4 Persiaran B, Section U8, Shah
Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
Areas:
Nett : 43,726.80 sq.ft. (4,062.20
sq.m)
Skycourts & Terraces 10,000.00
sq.ft. ( 929.00 sq.m)
Services & Circulation 7,263.60
sq.ft ( 675.00 sq.m)
Gross : 60,990.40 sq.ft.
(5,666.00 sq.m)
Carparking & Motorcyles 19,967.00
sq.ft. (1,855.70 sq.m)
(Nº of carbays = 461)
Area covered by canopy:
2,700 sq.m.
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Latitude:
3.7 ºN
Nature of Development:
3 Storeys
Date Start:
July 1995
Completion Date: March
1998 (including ID)
Site Area:
26,694 sq.m.
Plot Ratio:
1 : 02
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Design Features:
This is a 3-storey building with offices on one wing and
a golf clubhouse on the other wing. The offices are the
HQ peremises for Guthrie Property Development Holding
Sdn. Bhd. (GPDH) [ a division of Kumpulan Guthre Berhad].
The company's business is solely in real estate development.
The building is intended to be a landmark building and
to be the most prestigious building visible from the highway
as visitors enter the locality.
The building comprises of 4 major parts:
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The Offices (West Wing) - Accommodating
Guthrie subsidiary offices. |
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The Golf Clubhouse (East Wing)
- Housing a public Golf Clubhouse with changing
rooms, Pro-Shop and Caddy station on the Ground
Floor. The Golfer's cafeteria, Golfers Terrace and
Restaurant have views towards the golf course. |
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The Core- Holding the common
services for both wings ie. toilets, prayer rooms
and M&E plant room, riser ducts and chiller
plant. |
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The Roof - is an independent
structure, acting as an "umbrella" over
the building. The roof shields the building from
the sun, reducing glare and air-conditioning load
whilst providing a usable roof terrace overlooking
the golf course on the north and east. |
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Sunshades are located along
the east and west faces of the buidling to reduce
heat again.
The building is fully glazed for maximum views
out and natural lighting.
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Structural System:
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The pavilion below the canopy
has a reinforced concrete structural frame with
glass and panel infill. |
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The canopy structure is of pre-tensioned
cable and pylon steel masts supporting an inflated
pillow and canopy. Its primary purpose is to create
a physical presence to the locality and to signify
its importance as a landmark. The canopy also serves
as a second roof over the roof terrace to the pavilion
below, offering shading while reducing solar radiation
within the building, resulting in 66,283 kw/hr savings
in energy consumption per annum. |
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External Cladding:
Tempered float glass, solid aluminium cladding, n.a. aluminium
louvres.
Specification for the canopy fabric:
| Support Cloth |
Glassfrabic |
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| Type of coating |
PTFE - foil |
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| Weight - raw total |
665 g/sq.m +/ - 10%
1.345 g/sq.m +/ - 10% |
DIN53 854 |
| Yarn titre |
warp EC9 136 x 3 tex
weft EC9 136 x 3 tex |
DIN 53 830 |
| Ends/Picks |
warp 8.0
weft 7.5
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| Weave |
Panama 2/2 |
DIN 61 101 |
| Width |
1.380 mm |
DIN 53 851 |
| Thickness |
1.10 mm |
DIN 53 353 |
| Tensile strength |
warp 4.698 N/5cm + /- 10% |
DIN 53 354 |
| of scam (80 mm) |
weft 3.410 N/5cm + /- 10% |
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Elongation
(unidirectional) |
warp 1.5% + /- 10%
weft 4.3 % +/- 10%
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DIN 53 354 |
| Adhesion of foil |
50 - 80 N/5 cm |
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| Internal air-pressure |
1.5 Kn/sq.m. |
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The Canopy Structure:
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The structural system
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The roofing system is formed
by 2 air-inflated membrane cushions, which are connected
at their border to a tubular steel frame. The frame
is supported in the interior by a steel skeleton. |
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The cushion with the elongated
shape is called cushion 1, whilest trapezoidal form
is cushion 2. Both cushions are supported by hanger
cables towards the tops of three tubular steel masts
and by vertical stressing cables to the ground or
at some places to the building. The cushions are
connected to each other by four members. The portion
between the 2 cushions is covered by three conical
shaped single-layer membrane structures. |
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Geometry |
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The structure extends to about
110m maximum length and 51m maximum width. The overall
height of the masts is about 40m. The level of the
membrane cushions is about 15 to 20 m above ground
level. The roof covers in total 2,700 sq.m. |
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Materials |
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Structural steel is Grade
43A |
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Cables are spiral strand and
strand ropes, heavy galvanized, with GALFAN coating,
according to specification. They comply with specified
Young' Modulus prestressing procedures in manufacturering
process. The loss factors for the minimum breaking
loads depend on the type of end termination and
are 1.0 for molten metal -poured terminals and 0.9
for swaged end terminations. |
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The overall analysis |
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The analysis of the total structure
is done by using a special Finite-Element-Program.
Within this program a finite element formulation
is employed for modelling cable and membrane structures
with strut and cable elements and triangular membrane
elements. The program takes into account geometric
non-linearities and large deformations as well as
orthotropic properties in principal fabric weave
directions of the membrane. The analysis is done
as an overall analysis for the total structure including
the air supported membrane cushions, the three conical
membrane structure, masts, frameworks and cables. |
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The analysis of substructure |
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The overall analysis results
for the mast forces is carried forward to a conventional
framework programme, which is used for detailed
analysis of the masts. |
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The dimensioning |
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The dimensioning is done by taking
into account the minimum and maximum forces in the
single members. The compression members are checked
against buckling. For the border beams the bending
moments due to the membrane stress are dominant
and dertermine the sizes of the tubes. |
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Weights |
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In the overall analysis the method
of taking into account dead weight of the steel,
cable and membrane is by factoring the EA-Values
(Young's Modulus sectional area). The factors are
for steel 0.4 N/m/MN, for cables 0.6N/m/MN and for
the membrane 5 N/sq.m/MN. |
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Wind |
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The wind loading on the roof
of the Pavilion was determined by means of a wind
tunnel study by Wacker&Rau Consulting Wind Engineers.
To include the influence of the wind onto the masts,
an equivalent horizontal load of 30 kN is put on
to the top nodes of the mast. |
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Other loads |
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The weight of the blowers is
covered in each cushion by a point load of 15 kN. |
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Basic loadcase |
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LRP : prestress & selfweight
The loadcase indexed with LRP includes the following
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- prestress of the membranes under an internal pressure
of 0.35 kN/sq.m.
- prestress of cables
- total deadweight by factors
- weight of blowers 15 kN each.
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Design Load |
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Dead loads
The design of the roof includes weight of the fabric,
supporting structure, lighting, catwalk, etc. attached
to the roof. |
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Live loads
Uniform 0.5 KN/sq.m (10.4 psf) over projected horizontal
plane. However.both the roof fabric and structural
members are checked for a TEMPORARY concentrated
load of 15 KN and 100 kg (ONE SUCH LOAD ONLY) which
can be placed at any location of the roof. |
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Wind Loads |
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Wind loads are in accordance
with British Codes of Practice CP 3 Chapter 5 part
2 based on a wind speed of 35.5 metre per second. |
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Temperature Range |
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The structure is designed for
a temperature drop of 14 ºC. and a temperature
rise of 22 ºC from the average day temperature
of 30 ºC. |
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Design Codes |
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The design codes are according
to the Malaysian By-Laws and the British Codes and
standards. |
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Factor of Safety |
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Factor of safety for overall
stability joints and connections shall not be less
than 2.0. |
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Cables |
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Only cables made from "Galfan"
coated wires are used. Each wire of the cable
is treated by Double Dip Galfan Process to ensure
maximum protection against corrosion. The wire
is first continuosly hot dipped in zinc follow
by a second bath in "Galfan".
During the first process, the wires are heavily
galvanised with zinc coating to DIN 2078. In the
second process the wires are coated with "Galfan"
coating to a thickness equivalent to 300gm per
square metre.
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Finishes:
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Tempered float glass and solid
alim. cladding, galvanised steel staircase, slate
to floor, textured concrete on ground level, plaster
and paint to walls, mineral fibreboard ceiling. |
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| Project Team : |
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Principal-in-charge:
Dr. Ken Yeang
Design Architects :
Paul Mathews
Ian Morris
Site RA :
Ian Morris
Anton Pertschy
Richard Coutts |
Design Development Architects
:
Ian Morris
Idris Clywd
Michael Jamieson
Interior Design :
Ian Morris
Richard Coutts
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LIST
OF CONSULTANTS AND CONTRACTORS |
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